This is a list of the Governors, Agents, and Presidents of colonial Madras, initially of the English East India Company, up to the end of British colonial rule in 1947. The Legislature had no authority over foreign affairs and defence. The Regulating Act 1773 provided for the election of four counsellors by the East India Company's Court of Directors. The Chamber of Princes was an institution established in 1920 by a Royal Proclamation of King-Emperor George V to provide a forum in which the princely rulers could voice their needs and aspirations to the government. After 1947, the sovereign continued to appoint the governor-general, but thereafter did so on the advice of the newly sovereign Indian Government. In usage, "viceroy" is employed where the governor-general's position as the monarch's representative is in view. The Act was the first law to distinguish between the executive and legislative responsibilities of the governor-general. As provided under the Act, there were to be four members of the Council elected by the Court of Directors. If the Empire loses any other part of its Dominion we can survive, but if we lose India, the sun of our Empire will have set. The governor-general regularly used the title in communications with the Imperial Legislative Council, but all legislation was made only in the name of the Governor-General-in-Council (or the Government of India). However financial considerations forced the Company to revert to an agency soon after Aaron Baker had served his term. However, the only British sovereign to visit India during the period of British rule was George V, who attended the Delhi Durbar in 1911 with his wife, Mary. The British gained a lot of territory during the mid-18th century, so that by the time the French military power was crushed at the Battle of Wandiwash in 1761, the territory under the Presidency of Madras had increased manyfold. Now, the Belvedere Estate houses the National Library of India. The power to elect the governor-general was retained by the Court of Directors, but the choice became subject to the sovereign's approval. The Act also granted legislative powers to the governor-general and Council. Many parts of the Indian subcontinent were governed by the East India Company, which nominally acted as the agent of the Mughal emperor. In September 1774, by Pitt's India Act, passed by the Parliament of Great Britain to unify and regulate the administration of the territories of the East India Company, the President of Madras was made subordinate to the Governor-General of India based in Calcutta. Frequently, a viceroy who was already a peer would be granted a peerage of higher rank, as with the granting of a marquessate to Lord Reading and an earldom and later a marquessate to Freeman Freeman-Thomas. India was divided into numerous provinces, each under the head of a governor, lieutenant governor or chief commissioner or administrator. The remaining princely rulers were overseen either by the Rajputana Agency and Central India Agency, which were headed by representatives of the viceroy, or by provincial authorities. The first ever demand for higher education in Madras Presidency was given in a public address to Lord John Elphinstone, Governor of Madras, signed by 70,000 residents when the Governor in Council was contemplating "some effective and liberal measures for the establishment of an improved system of national education. The Agency survived until 1684 when Madras was made a Presidency once and for all. If he recommended the passage of a bill, but only one chamber cooperated, he could declare the bill passed over the objections of the other chamber. Created Earl Mountbatten of Burma on 28 October 1947. Madras was elevated to a Presidency in 1684 and remained so until 12 February 1785 when new rules and regulations brought by the Pitt's India Act reformed the administration of the East India Company with the exception of a three-year period of French rule from 1746 to 1749 when Madras was a governorship..
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