Uhlenhaut, N., Jakob, S., Anlag, K., Eisenberger, T., Sekido, R., Kress, J., Treier, A., Klugmann, C., Klasen, C., Holter, N., Riethmacher, D., Schütz, G., Cooney, A., Lovell-Badge, R., & Treier, M. (2009). Post was not sent - check your email addresses! Femininities and masculinities are plural—there are many forms of femininity and many forms of masculinity. What gets defined as feminine or masculine differs by region, religion, class, national culture, and other social factors. Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window)Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window)We use cookies on this site to understand how you use our content, and to give you the best browsing experience. To accept cookies, click continue. It’s the path to femininity that your heart secretly or maybe openly longs for. Types of Femininity. They underline the importance of recognising the ingenuity required of women to enact femininities in the context of the institutionalised practices that define this area as a masculine domain.The typology moves beyond the work/life dichotomy to encompass the re-envisioning of career as vocation (Type 3) and the development of a highly individualised lifestyle orientation based on a high commitment to both (Type 2). These messages are present in a range of environments, from the home to the workplace to public spaces.Faulkner, W. (2009). Such process begin with conception and continue on into maturity. Femininity as a subject, it means sexual development.
This kind of âgender markingâ tends to discourage women or men from entering âgender-inauthenticâ occupations (Faulkner, 2009).● Femininities and masculinities are learned. Femininity and masculinity are acquired social identities: as individuals become socialized they develop a gender identity, an understanding of what it means to be a ‘‘man’’ or a ‘‘woman’’ (Laurie et al. Great comment and yes in reality we are all blends but may have one type that is our centre of gravity, our most dominant type. Social influences may vary from culture to culture according to value system, stereotypes of masculinity and femininity, conventions and taboos of sexual behavior. 1999). The types are dynamic and individual women may well move from one type to another over the life course. To find out more about cookies and change your preferences, visit our Two axes, one relating to career commitment and the other to non-work relational commitment are used to create a typology.Based on the accounts of 25 women in such contexts in an Irish university, four types are identified:The accounts of most of these highly educated women fall into Type 1, The tensions between constructions of femininity and the ideal scientist are also indicated by the fact that women were least likely to be found in Type 4: The typological framework in this study demonstrates that femininities are not inevitable or ‘natural’ but are reflexively adapted and expanded so as to make women’s lives liveable within the masculine culture of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Perhaps this article will help you understand which path you should take. Type 3: Vocational Femininity; Type 4: Family-oriented Femininity; The accounts of most of these highly educated women fall into Type 1, Careerist Femininity. Doing Gender in Engineering Workplace Cultures: Part IIâGender In/Authenticity and the In/Visibility Paradox.
1988; Spence 1985), refer to the degree to which persons see themselves as masculine or feminine given what it means to be a man or woman in society. For example, ناقة (she-camel) is of the first type because its counterpart is a male-camel and a male-camel is both masculine and living.
Whether this is goal oriented (=masculine) or whether this is process oriented (=feminine)” If you do a search on the Internet for “what is masculinity and femininity” there are of course thousands of results. ● Any one personâwoman or manâengages in many forms of femininity and masculinity, which she or he adopts (consciously or unconsciously) depending on context, the expectations of others, the life stage, and so forth. It shows that while women are doing femininity(ies) differently, there is little evidence of undoing gender in the sense of increasing the valorisation of femininities in that workplace. Femininities and masculinities are not descriptors of sexual orientation.● Femininities and masculinities are pluralâthere are many forms of femininity and many forms of masculinity. Our work on ‘Femininities in STEM’ focuses at the individual level. It needs to be tackled at the individual, organisational and systemic level.
Thus, the career orientation of most of the women in this study involves adopting characteristics associated with masculinity (although experienced as feminine); they require remaining silent about sexism and making constant and creative efforts to ‘blend in’.The typology sensitises us to particular patterns and practices of femininity as shaped by these career experiences and cultural demands, with implicit expectations as regards the importance of career commitment to the exclusion of other commitments; expectations that the reconciliation of the competing demands of career and (nonwork) relationships is an individualised responsibility; assumptions that the prioritisation of family commitment is unacceptable for women; and that it is not necessary to look for intrinsic satisfaction outside a linear hierarchical career in this area.It opens up questions about how this context shapes the ways in which femininities are lived, and how it affects the underrepresentation of women in a field that tends to naturalise femininity as outside this masculinised scientific domain.
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